In today’s tutorial, we are going to learn how to use df command on Linux, df acronym for “disk free” displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space available on all currently mounted file systems is shown. Disk space is shown in 1K blocks by default.
Syntax;
df [OPTION]… [FILE]…
Example Usage of df Command on Linux
df Command By Default
When you run df command with no option and file name, it will provide a list of all of the available (already mounted) filesystems on your system, including their total size, how much space has been used, how much space is available, the usage percentage and where it is mounted.
example;
df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 3994496 0 3994496 0% /dev
tmpfs 804992 1604 803388 1% /run
/dev/sda2 180876872 115869740 55749356 68% /
tmpfs 4024948 85884 3939064 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 4024948 0 4024948 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 101376 101376 0 100% /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 101632 101632 0 100% /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 223232 223232 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 224256 224256 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 66688 66688 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 66432 66432 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
tmpfs 804988 16 804972 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda3 83105328 75133584 3707144 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 218593248 53836172 164757076 25% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0Display Details of All Filesystem Disk Space
Use -a option to display information of all filesystem including pseudo, duplicate and inaccessible file systems.
df -a
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
udev 3994496 0 3994496 0% /dev
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
tmpfs 804992 1600 803392 1% /run
/dev/sda2 180876872 115882228 55736868 68% /
securityfs 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security
tmpfs 4024948 188768 3836180 5% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 4024948 0 4024948 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgroup2 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/unified
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
pstore 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/pstore
none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/bpf
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma
cgroup 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb
nfsd 0 0 0 - /proc/fs/nfsd
/dev/loop0 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 101376 101376 0 100% /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 101632 101632 0 100% /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 223232 223232 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 224256 224256 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 66688 66688 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 66432 66432 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
tmpfs 804988 16 804972 1% /run/user/1000
gvfsd-fuse 0 0 0 - /run/user/1000/gvfs
/dev/sda3 83105328 75133584 3707144 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 218593248 53836172 164757076 25% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0Display Disk Space in Human Readable Format
Use -h option to display sizes in human readable format, showing the size in 1 KB blocks is not very user-friendly.
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 787M 1.6M 785M 1% /run
/dev/sda2 173G 111G 54G 68% /
tmpfs 3.9G 186M 3.7G 5% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 208M 208M 0 100% /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 208M 208M 0 100% /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 99M 99M 0 100% /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 100M 100M 0 100% /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 218M 218M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 219M 219M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 66M 66M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 52M 52M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 65M 65M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 52M 52M 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
tmpfs 787M 16K 787M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda3 80G 72G 3.6G 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 209G 52G 158G 25% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0Display Used or Available Inodes
Use -i option to list inode information instead of block usage.
df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
udev 998624 541 998083 1% /dev
tmpfs 1006237 991 1005246 1% /run
/dev/sda2 11558912 427755 11131157 4% /
tmpfs 1006237 106 1006131 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1006237 8 1006229 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1006237 18 1006219 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 4485 4485 0 100% /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 4485 4485 0 100% /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 12842 12842 0 100% /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 12841 12841 0 100% /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 10790 10790 0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 10817 10817 0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 18513 18513 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 18508 18508 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 64986 64986 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 15847 15847 0 100% /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 63978 63978 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 15847 15847 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
/dev/sda3 5316608 1536 5315072 1% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 164789844 13761 164776083 1% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0
tmpfs 1006237 45 1006192 1% /run/user/1000Print The Type of Filesystem
Use -T to display the type of each filesytem.
df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 3994496 0 3994496 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 804992 1576 803416 1% /run
/dev/sda2 ext4 180876872 115920592 55698504 68% /
tmpfs tmpfs 4024948 140772 3884176 4% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 4024948 0 4024948 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 squashfs 212096 212096 0 100% /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 squashfs 101376 101376 0 100% /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 squashfs 101632 101632 0 100% /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 squashfs 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 squashfs 56832 56832 0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 squashfs 223232 223232 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 squashfs 224256 224256 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 squashfs 66688 66688 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 squashfs 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 squashfs 66432 66432 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 squashfs 52352 52352 0 100% /snap/snap-store/518
/dev/sda3 ext4 83105328 75133584 3707144 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 fuseblk 218593248 53836172 164757076 25% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0
tmpfs tmpfs 804988 12 804976 1% /run/user/1000Display Filesystem of Given Type
Using -t option can show only filesystems of a given type with -t TYPE.
df -ht ext4
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 173G 111G 54G 68% /
/dev/sda3 80G 72G 3.6G 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4Exclude Filesystem of Given Type
Using -x option will exclude filesystems of a given type with -x TYPE.
df -hx squashfs
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 787M 1.6M 785M 1% /run
/dev/sda2 173G 111G 54G 68% /
tmpfs 3.9G 132M 3.8G 4% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 80G 72G 3.6G 96% /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 209G 52G 158G 25% /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0
tmpfs 787M 16K 787M 1% /run/user/1000Displaying The Output
Using --output option will output format defined by FIELD_LIST, or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
df -h --output
Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% File Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 976K 541 975K 1% 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% - /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 983K 990 982K 1% 787M 1.6M 785M 1% - /run
/dev/sda2 ext4 12M 418K 11M 4% 173G 111G 54G 68% - /
tmpfs tmpfs 983K 97 983K 1% 3.9G 132M 3.8G 4% - /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 983K 8 983K 1% 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% - /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 983K 18 983K 1% 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% - /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 4.4K 4.4K 0 100% 208M 208M 0 100% - /snap/code/64
/dev/loop1 squashfs 4.4K 4.4K 0 100% 208M 208M 0 100% - /snap/code/65
/dev/loop3 squashfs 13K 13K 0 100% 99M 99M 0 100% - /snap/core/11081
/dev/loop2 squashfs 13K 13K 0 100% 100M 100M 0 100% - /snap/core/10958
/dev/loop5 squashfs 11K 11K 0 100% 56M 56M 0 100% - /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop4 squashfs 11K 11K 0 100% 56M 56M 0 100% - /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop6 squashfs 19K 19K 0 100% 218M 218M 0 100% - /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
/dev/loop7 squashfs 19K 19K 0 100% 219M 219M 0 100% - /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop8 squashfs 64K 64K 0 100% 66M 66M 0 100% - /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop10 squashfs 16K 16K 0 100% 52M 52M 0 100% - /snap/snap-store/498
/dev/loop9 squashfs 63K 63K 0 100% 65M 65M 0 100% - /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop11 squashfs 16K 16K 0 100% 52M 52M 0 100% - /snap/snap-store/518
/dev/sda3 ext4 5.1M 1.5K 5.1M 1% 80G 72G 3.6G 96% - /media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4
/dev/sda1 fuseblk 158M 14K 158M 1% 209G 52G 158G 25% - /media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0
tmpfs tmpfs 983K 47 983K 1% 787M 16K 787M 1% - /run/user/1000You can also customize the output of df, selecting what should be displayed and in which order, using the --output= parameter followed by a comma separated list of fields you wish to display. Some of the available fields are:
source: The device corresponding to the filesystem.fstype: The filesystem type.size: The total size of the filesystem.used: How much space is being used.avail: How much space is available.pcent: The usage percentage.target: Where the filesystem is mounted (mount point).
Let’s output the target, source, type and usage.
df -h --output=target,source,fstype,pcent
Mounted on Filesystem Type Use%
/dev udev devtmpfs 0%
/run tmpfs tmpfs 1%
/ /dev/sda2 ext4 68%
/dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 4%
/run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 1%
/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs 0%
/snap/code/64 /dev/loop0 squashfs 100%
/snap/code/65 /dev/loop1 squashfs 100%
/snap/core/11081 /dev/loop3 squashfs 100%
/snap/core/10958 /dev/loop2 squashfs 100%
/snap/core18/1997 /dev/loop5 squashfs 100%
/snap/core18/1988 /dev/loop4 squashfs 100%
/snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60 /dev/loop6 squashfs 100%
/snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66 /dev/loop7 squashfs 100%
/snap/gtk-common-themes/1515 /dev/loop8 squashfs 100%
/snap/snap-store/498 /dev/loop10 squashfs 100%
/snap/gtk-common-themes/1514 /dev/loop9 squashfs 100%
/snap/snap-store/518 /dev/loop11 squashfs 100%
/media/thehero/e3ef9af4-7136-4650-8365-c6c02d0d14f4 /dev/sda3 ext4 96%
/media/thehero/01D5FAEEFC8E1CB0 /dev/sda1 fuseblk 25%
/run/user/1000 tmpfs tmpfs 1%df can also be used to check inode information, by passing the following fields to --output=:
itotal: The total number of inodes in the filesystem.iused: The number of used inodes in the filesystem.iavail: The number of available inodes in the filesystem.ipcent: The percentage of used inodes in the filesystem.
example;
df --output=source,fstype,itotal,iused,ipcent
Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IUse%
udev devtmpfs 998624 541 1%
tmpfs tmpfs 1006237 990 1%
/dev/sda2 ext4 11558912 427939 4%
tmpfs tmpfs 1006237 101 1%
tmpfs tmpfs 1006237 8 1%
tmpfs tmpfs 1006237 18 1%
/dev/loop0 squashfs 4485 4485 100%
/dev/loop1 squashfs 4485 4485 100%
/dev/loop3 squashfs 12842 12842 100%
/dev/loop2 squashfs 12841 12841 100%
/dev/loop5 squashfs 10790 10790 100%
/dev/loop4 squashfs 10817 10817 100%
/dev/loop6 squashfs 18513 18513 100%
/dev/loop7 squashfs 18508 18508 100%
/dev/loop8 squashfs 64986 64986 100%
/dev/loop10 squashfs 15847 15847 100%
/dev/loop9 squashfs 63978 63978 100%
/dev/loop11 squashfs 15847 15847 100%
/dev/sda3 ext4 5316608 1536 1%
/dev/sda1 fuseblk 164789844 13761 1%
tmpfs tmpfs 1006237 47 1%Display Details of df Command
Using --help option will display options used with df command.
df --help
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-h, --human-readable print sizes in powers of 1024 (e.g., 1023M)
-H, --si print sizes in powers of 1000 (e.g., 1.1G)
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
--output[=FIELD_LIST] use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST,
or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
--total elide all entries insignificant to available space,
and produce a grand total
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included. Valid
field names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent',
'size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/df>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) df invocation'Conclusion
This marks the end of our tutorial on example usage of df command on Linux, stay tuned for more similar tutorials.
Check the man page for more usage and information about df command.
man df
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